2(a)), where photon wavelengths can be converted with mediation provided by the energy of other input pump fields. Since then, wavelength conversion of nonclassical light has been widely investigated using nonlinear three- or four-wave mixing ( Fig. The first experimental demonstration of wavelength conversion was conducted in 1992. The output field was diffracted onto the screen by an external grating (not shown). The input power was increased from (a) to (c). Self-induced wavelength conversion of intense optical pulses with a center wavelength of 1 μm in an optical fiber. However, the intensity of a single-photon wave packet is more than 10 orders of magnitude lower than that of ordinary laser pulses.įig. The optical pulses, whose initial center wavelength was 1 µm in this example, acquired new wavelength components via nonlinear optical effects (self-phase modulation, four-wave mixing, stimulated Raman scattering, etc.), which can be easily induced by intense optical fields. The wavelength conversion of intense optical pulses induced by themselves (i.e., self-induced) in an optical fiber is shown in Fig. Methods of single-photon wavelength conversion Hence, the ability to harness the wavelength of photons, ideally in a lossless manner for scalability, is required in order to distribute quantum information between distant sites via interactions between light and matter or between different light sources. In addition, even within the same wavelength band, the wavelengths and spectral shape of photons generally differ from each other depending on the physical properties of the photon sources or on the wavelength channel used for the transmission. However, many physical systems such as atoms are sensitive to light with wavelengths in the visible band. For example, the telecommunications wavelength is the wavelength that is suitable for long-distance transmission of photons in optical fiber networks. Wavelength conversion of single photons is crucial for quantum communication, which holds promise for applications such as quantum cryptography and quantum teleportation. Applications of wavelength conversion range from simple devices such as laser pointers to the fields of communications, precision measurement, and biomedical sciences. Wavelength (frequency, color) is an important physical parameter of light, and wavelength conversion is essential in current photonics technologies.
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